Table 2 Results between-group and within-group differences in performance and subjective outcomes
Outcome parameter of interest | Autoregressive coefficient | Parameter estimates ± SE (p-value) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Φ | Intercept (= Current prosthesis at session 1) | Prosthetic Condition (= AMPK) | Sessions A = session 2 B = session 3 C = session 4 D = session 5 | Age | BMI | Condition:Session A = AMPK at session 2 B = AMPK at session 3 C = AMPK at session 4 D = AMPK at session 5 | |
L-test | |||||||
 Time | 0.51 | −0.15 ± 7.50 (0.984) | 7.88 ± 1.62 (< 0.001) | A = −0.30 ± 2.26 (0.896) B = −1.00 ± 2.34 (0.669) C = −1.86 ± 2.30 (0.425) D = 1.17 ± 2.35 (0.622) | 0.40 ± 0.07 (< 0.001) | 0.18 ± 0.26 (0.509) | A = −0.88 ± 2.64 (0.750) B = −2.00 ± 2.72 (0.465) C = −0.68 ± 2.54 (0.791) D = −3.56 ± 2.54 (0.170) |
 Heart rate | 0.37 | 81.27 ± 21.56 (0.005) | 4.59 ± 5.99 (0.413) | A = −18.11 ± 7.85 (0.026) B = −8.36 ± 8.25 (0.317) C = 4.59 ± 7.92 (0.566) D = 2.94 ± 7.99 (0.715) | −0.34 ± 0.21 (0.112) | 1.52 ± 0.75 (0.502) | A = 18.20 ± 9.72 (0.068) B = 5.18 ± 10.16 (0.613) C = −11.33 ± 9.41 (0.236) D = −8.37 ± 9.37 (0.377) |
 VAS comfort | 0.07*10–2 | 61.22 ± 50.61 (0.151) | −56.20 ± 34.24 (0.010) | A = 19.69 ± 35.94 (0.766) B = −34.78 ± 37.19 (0.387) C = 24.33 ± 35.95 (0.650) D = −33.44 ± 34.24 (0.392) | −3.64 ± 4.90 (0.584) | 10.08 ± 9.29 (0.247) | A = −33.62 ± 42.62 (0.537) B = 31.12 ± 44.10 (0.621) C = 30.90 ± 42.62 (0.602) D = 44.52 ± 42.62 (0.282) |
 VAS fatigue | 0.14 | 28.95 ± 25.24 (0.258) | 21.30 ± 9.66 (0.033) | A = 13.26 ± 11.41 (0.254) B = 8.60 ± 12.18 (0.484) C = 9.66 ± 11.43 (0.402) D = 13.43 ± 11.43 (0.247) | 0.69 ± 0.24 (0.006) | −1.71 ± 0.86 (0.055) | A = 5.88 ± 15.34 (0.704) B = −6.04 ± 16.32 (0.713) C = −16.00 ± 15.10 (0.296) D = −9.50 ± 15.04 (0.531) |
 RPE | 0.21 | 10.68 ± 3.75 (0.007) | 2.64 ± 1.30 (0.048) | A = 0.23 ± 1.59 (0.885) B = 2.81 ± 1.69 (0.104) C = 1.18 ± 1.59 (0.464) D = 1.96 ± 1.60 (0.226) | 0.03 ± 0.04 (0.343) | −0.15 ± 0.13 (0.244) | A = 1.91 ± 2.08 (0.363) B = −1.49 ± 2.20 (0.503) C = −0.99 ± 2.03 (0.631) D = −2.11 ± 2.02 (0.302) |
Slope walking | |||||||
 Walking speed | 0.52 | 4.03 ± 0.80 (< 0.001) | −0.26 ± 0.17 (0.14) | A = 0.22 ± 0.24 (0.370) B = −0.11 ± 0.25 (0.647) C = 0.31 ± 0.24 (0.208) D = 0.03 ± 0.25 (0.890) | −0.05 ± 0.01 (< 0.001) | 0.03 ± 0.03 (0.280) | A = 0.10 ± 0.28 (0.726) B = 0.35 ± 0.29 (0.236) C = 0.01 ± 0.27 (0.970) D = 0.14 ± 0.27 (0.595) |
 Heart rate | 0.82 | 82.19 ± 37.13 (0.033) | −-1.27 ± 3.67 (0.732) | A = 5.76 ± 5.78 (0.325) B = −10.46 ± 5.59 (0.069) C = 1.44 ± 5.88 (0.809) D = 3.86 ± 6.35 (0.546) | −0.75 ± 0.38 (0.057) | 2.95 ± 1.34 (0.034) | A = 1.72 ± 5.86 (0.770) B = 13.00 ± 5.86 (0.032) C = 1.26 ± 5.61 (0.823) D = 0.61 ± 5.79 (0.917) |
 VAS comfort | 0.17 | 2.90 ± 0.48 (< 0.001)* | 0.14 ± 0.18 (0.425)* | A = 0.21 ± 0.21 (0.320)* B = 0.08 ± 0.23 (0.718)* C = 0.02 ± 0.21 (0.937)* D = 0.24 ± 0.21 (0.270)* | 0.01 ± 0.00 (0.104)* | 0.02 ± 0.02 (0.235)* | A = −0.41 ± 0.28 (0.151)* B = −0.38 ± 0.30 (0.216)* C = 0.06 ± 0.28 (0.817)* D = −0.24 ± 0.28 (0.396)* |
 VAS fatigue | 0.01 | 5666.18 ± 1895.90 (0.005)+ | −214.13 ± 861.57 (0.805)+ | A = 1283.19 ± 952.29 (0.185)+ B = 684.81 ± 1019.57 (0.506)+ C = 697.71 ± 952.95 (0.468)+ D = −362.88 ± 952.48 (0.705)+ | 17.96 ± 17.78 (0.319)+ | −140.08 ± 64.00 (0.035)+ | A = 565.56 ± 1336.61 (0.675)+ B = 834.46 ± 1430.49 (0.563)+ C = −67.28 ± 1335.48 (0.960)+ D = 889.69 ± 1335.11 (0.509)+ |
 RPE | 0.70 | 16.05 ± 5.43 (0.005) | 1.03 ± 0.79 (0.199) | A = 0.18 ± 1.19 (0.876) B = −0.24 ± 1.18 (0.844) C = −0.56 ± 1.21 (0.646) D = −0.41 ± 1.27 (0.751) | −0.02 ± 0.05 (0.767) | −1046.26 ± 1940.09 (0.593) | A = 0.13 ± 1.28 (0.920) B = 0.12 ± 1.29 (0.925) C = -0.21 ± 1.22 (0.862) D = −1.60 ± 1.25 (0.208) |
Level walking | |||||||
 Walking speed | 0.60 | 4.93 ± 0.96 (< 0.001) | −0.29 ± 0.17 (0.101) | A = 0.19 ± 0.25 (0.468) B = −0.15 ± 0.26 (0.556) C = 0.31 ± 0.26 (0.230) D = −0.29 ± 0.17 (0.556) | −0.05 ± 0.01 (< 0.001) | 0.03 ± 0.03 (0.313) | A = −0.02 ± 0.28 (0.955) B = 0.35 ± 0.29 (0.236) C = −0.23 ± 0.27 (0.410) D = 0.03 ± 0.28 (0.909) |
 Heart rate | 0.88 | 65.75 ± 35.99 (0.075) | −0.22 ± 2.71 (0.935) | A = 3.78 ± 4.36 (0.391) B = −1.24 ± 4.14 (0.767) C = 2.12 ± 4.42 (0.634) D = 4.39 ± 4.84 (0.370) | −0.69 ± 0.37 (0.935) | 3.11 ± 1.31 (0.023) | A = 5.55 ± 4.28 (0.203) B = 2.59 ± 4.27 (0.547) C = −0.03 ± 4.10 (0.994) D = −2.23 ± 4.26 (0.604) |
 VAS comfort | 0.45 | 16.15 ± 25.60 (0.532) | −11.16 ± 6.17 (0.078) | A = −8.74 ± 8.40 (0.304) B = −9.58 ± 8.74 (0.280) C = 4.87 ± 8.51 (0.571) D = −9.61 ± 8.64 (0.273) | 0.08 ± 0.25 (0.743) | 2.13 ± 0.90 (0.023) | A = −0.06 ± 10.04 (0.995) B = 9.77 ± 10.41 (0.353) C = −6.66 ± 9.69 (0.496) D = 11.92 ± 9.68 (0.225) |
 VAS fatigue | 0.18 | 87.56 ± 23.72 (< 0.001) | 2.48 ± 8.58 (0.774) | A = 1.60 ± 10.35 (0.878) B = 2.39 ± 11.02 (0.829) C = −11.83 ± 10.37 (0.261) D = −1.80 ± 10.38 (0.863) | 0.41 ± 0.23 (0.076) | −2.66 ± 0.81 (0.002) | A = 7.65 ± 13.71 (0.580) B = −2.68 ± 14.55 (0.855) C = 10.03 ± 13.44 (0.460) D = −6.00 ± 13.38 (0.656) |
 RPE | 0.42 | 16.80 ± 4.10 (< 0.001) | 0.30 ± 1.03 (0.776) | A = 1.73 ± 1.39 (0.221) B = 0.89 ± 1.45 (0.545) C = 0.27 ± 1.41 (0.850) D = −0.48 ± 1.43 (0.741) | 0.03 ± 0.04 (0.531) | −3030.45 ± 1433.16 (0.041) | A = 0.52 ± 1.68 (0.757) B = −0.55 ± 1.75 (0.754) C = 0.80 ± 1.63 (0.628) D = −0.16 ± 1.62 (0.922) |
Dual-task level walking | |||||||
 Walking speed | 0.64 | 4.73 ± 0.94 (< 0.001) | −0.34 ± 0.16 (0.035) | A = -0.02 ± 0.23 (0.932) B = -0.27 ± 0.23 (0.246) C = 0.15 ± 0.24 (0.532) D = -0.23 ± 0.24 (0.360) | −0.05 ± 0.01 (< 0.001) | 0.04 ± 0.03 (0.239) | A = 0.05 ± 0.25 (0.859) B = 0.16 ± 0.26 (0.535) C = −0.09 ± 0.24 (0.707) D = 0.15 ± 0.25 (0.561) |
 Heart rate | 0.80 | 3050.11 ± 6978.12 (0.664)+ | −1105.38 ± 744.13 (0.145)+ | A = 185.44 ± 1161.19 (0.874)+ B = −1126.34 ± 1130.06 (0.325)+ C = 558.68 ± 1183.77 (0.640)+ D = 748.82 ± 1270.51 (0.559)+ | −165.95 ± 71.25 (0.025)+ | 713.96 ± 251.93 (0.007)+ | A = 1874.27 ± 1189.25 (0.123)+ B = 1714.81 ± 1191.12 (0.158)+ C = 661.53 ± 1138.73 (0.565)+ D = 747.74 ± 1173.90 (0.528)+ |
 Accuracy of dual task | 0.88 | 145.66 ± 23.94 (< 0.001) | −1.10 ± 1.84 (0.553) | A = 1.68 ± 2.95 (0.573) B = 2.58 ± 2.81 (0.363) C = 7.35 ± 2.99 (0.018) D = 1.47 ± 3.27 (0.656) | 0.12 ± 0.25 (0.643) | −2.38 ± 0.87 (0.009) | A = 0.87 ± 2.90 (0.767) B = 2.75 ± 2.89 (0.348) C = −2.20 ± 2.78 (0.433) D = 3.71 ± 2.89 (0.206) |
 Number of responses of dual task | 0.72 | 104.08 ± 20.53 (< 0.001) | −5.52 ± 2.81 (0.057) | A = -1.45 ± 4.26 (0.735) B = −1.60 ± 4.23 (0.708) C = 1.33 ± 4.35 (0.762) D = 3.04 ± 4.59 (0.511) | −0.25 ± 0.21 (0.227)+ | −1.68 ± 0.74 (0.028) | A = 9.46 ± 5.5. (0.043) B = 5.97 ± 4.58 (0.199) C = 10.40 ± 4.35 (0.022) D = 5.43 ± 4.44 (0.228) |
 VAS comfort | 0.62 | 45.75 ± 34.70 (0.195) | −7.11 ± 6.06 (0.247) | A = −5.82 ± 8.83 (0.514) B = −10.59 ± 8.96 (0.244) C = 3.86 ± 9.01 (0.429) D = -4.03 ± 9.34 (0.668) | 0.45 ± 0.35 (0.197) | −0.28 ± 1.23 (0.821) | A = −9.23 ± 9.84 (0.354) B = 3.50 ± 10.02 (0.729) C = −0.99 ± 9.45 (0.917) D = 6.75 ± 9.55 (0.483) |
 VAS fatigue | 0.58 | 60.77 ± 37.92 (0.117) | 7.30 ± 7.21 (0.317) | A = 6.06 ± 10.35 (0.561) B = 6.76 ± 10.58 (0.526) C = 6.14 ± 10.55 (0.564) D = −0.53 ± 10.86 (0.962) | 0.32 ± 0.38 (0.407) | −1.33 ± 1.34 (0.328) | A = −2.79 ± 11.73 (0.814) B = −1.55 ± 12.01 (0.898) C = −8.38 ± 11.28 (0.462) D = −2.59 ± 11.36 (0.821) |
 RPE | 0.30 | 224.16 ± 87.99 (0.015)+ | −17.16 ± 27.10 (0.530)+ | A = 44.54 ± 34.46 (0.204)+ B = 17.47 ± 36.44 (0.634)+ C = 12.16 ± 34.68 (0.728)+ D = 3.47 ± 34.83 (0.921)+ | −0.40 ± 0.85 (0.645)+ | −2.59 ± 3.05 (0.401)+ | A = 33.28 ± 43.78 (0.452)+ B = 35.44 ± 46.05 (0.446)+ C = 7.31 ± 42.57 (0.865)+ D = −2.80 ± 42.34 (0.948)+ |