Fig. 2

Modulation of motor cortex excitability by tACS. (A) Alteration of Ln (120% MEP amplitude post/pre ration) under the three stimulation conditions. γ-tACS significantly increased 120% MEP amplitude compared to sham-tACS, while β-tACS did not show a significant effect; (B) Post/pre modulation of 120% MEP latency across the three conditions. γ-tACS significantly reduced 120% MEP latency compared to sham-tACS, with no significant effect observed for β-tACS; (C) Comparison of post/pre ratios of MEP RMT across γ-tACS, β-tACS, and sham-tACS conditions, showing no significant differences between the conditions. (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001)