Fig. 5
From: Abnormal activity in the brainstem affects gait in a neuromusculoskeletal model
Differences in FOG characteristics among clusters. The central line of the boxplot indicates the median value, and upper and lower hinges indicate the first and third quartiles of data, respectively. Clusters 1–4 are shown in green (n = 27), red (n = 64), purple (n = 53), and yellow (n = 12), respectively. FOG- is the group of instances not identified as FOG by identifying the algorithm. Asterisks represent significant differences (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction). a Walking distances during the initial 3 s of walking (Kruskal–Wallis test: P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction: P < 0.001 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 2, P < 0.001 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 3, P < 0.001 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 4, P < 0.001 for cluster 2 vs. cluster 3, P < 0.001 for cluster 2 vs. cluster 4, P < 0.001 for cluster 3 vs. cluster 4). b Freezing ratio during the initial 3 s of walking (Kruskal–Wallis test: P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni’s correction: P < 0.001 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 2, P < 0.001 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 3, P ≥ 1.00 for cluster 1 vs. cluster 4, P ≥ 1.00 for cluster 2 vs. cluster 3, P = 0.070 for cluster 2 vs. cluster 4, P = 0.187 for cluster 3 vs. cluster 4)