Fig. 7

A Hip adduction angle trajectories for a representative participant. Angle values were normalized across the gait cycle each stride, with the mean trajectories indicated by solid lines and the shaded regions representing one standard deviation. B Mean and standard deviations for hip adduction angle kinematic measures (Peak Angle, ROM) while navigating the virtual environment in the IR (purple) and HMD (green) systems. Trials featuring optic flow matched to the participant’s speed (ISO), perturbations parallel to forward motion (AP), and perturbations perpendicular to forward motion (ML) are represented with solid, striped, and cross-hatched violin plots, respectively. Each dot displays the datapoint of a singular participant. P-values for main effects and interactions are displayed on the plots, with significant values (p < 0.05) bolded, as determined by Tukey’s HSD test