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Table 2 Specific parameters of NIBS protocols

From: Non-invasive brain stimulation enhances motor and cognitive performances during dual tasks in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Group

NIBS

Stimulation Site

Intensity

Session

Timing

Duration

Surface

Additional Training

Broeder 2023

Trt

tDCS

M1

1 mA

1

Off

20 min

35 cm2

Writing figure-8

Bueno 2023

Trt 1

tDCS

M1Cz

2 mA

1

Off

20 min

NA

Physical therapy

 

Trt 2

M1C3 − Cz−C4

Chung 2020

Trt 1

rTMS

M1

1 Hz, 80% of RMT

12

Off

600 pulses

NA

Treadmill walking

 

Trt 2

25 Hz, 80% of RMT

Criminger 2018

Trt 1

tDCS

DLPFC

2 mA

1

Off

20 min

15 cm2

Resting

 

Trt 2

Stationary bicycle

 

Trt 3

Golf video game

Lench 2021

Trt

rTMS

SMA

1 Hz, 110% of RMT

10

Off

1200 pulses

NA

Dual-task walking

Mishra 2021

Trt

tDCS

DLPFC

2 mA

1

On

30 min

35 cm2

Resting

 

Off

Mishra 2022

Trt

tDCS

DLPFC

2 mA

1

On

30 min

35 cm2

Resting

 

Off

Putzolu 2018

Trt

tDCS

DLPFC

1.5 mA

1

Off

20 min

25 cm2

Resting

Schabrun 2016

Trt

tDCS

M1

2 mA

9

Off

20 min

35 cm2

Dual-task walking

Swank 2016

Trt

tDCS

DLPFC

2 mA

1

Off

20 min

NA

Resting

Wong 2022

Trt 1

tDCS

DLPFC

2 mA

1

Off

20 min

35 cm2

Resting

 

Trt 2

M1

 

Trt 3

Cerebellum

  1. Abbreviation. NIBS = non-invasive brain stimulation; tDCS = transcranial direct current stimulation; rTMS = repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Trt = treatment; M1 = primary motor cortex; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; SMA = supplementary motor area; RMT = resting motor threshold; min = minute