Comparison of synergy extrapolation and static optimization for estimating multiple unmeasured muscle activations during walking

Ao, Di; Fregly, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1186/s12984-024-01490-y

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 3 Root mean square error (RMSE) values and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) values for estimated muscle forces calculated between the experimental (“Params”) case and each calibration case

From: Comparison of synergy extrapolation and static optimization for estimating multiple unmeasured muscle activations during walking

Unmeasured muscles	Calibration cases
	\(\begin{gathered} S{\text{yn}}X_{Unmeasured} \hfill \\ + Params \hfill \\ \end{gathered}\)		\(S{\text{yn}}X_{{_{Unmeasured} }}^{Params}\)		\(SO_{{_{All} }}^{Generic}\)		\(SO_{{_{All} }}^{Params}\)		\(SO_{{_{Unmeasured} }}^{Params}\)
	RMSE	r	RMSE	r	RMSE	r	RMSE	r	RMSE	r
Adductor brevis	14.4	0.35	8.1	0.71	24.1	− 0.13	16.3	0.36	15.6	0.29
Adductor longus	23.8	0.47	11.4	0.87	74.7	− 0.01	25.3	0.67	43.3	0.49
Adductor magnus distal	10.9	0.43	7.1	0.76	18.8	− 0.11	19.4	− 0.14	18.3	− 0.19
Adductor magnus ischial	12.8	0.36	7.1	0.82	20.1	− 0.05	21.4	− 0.17	51.6	0.16
Adductor magnus middle	17.3	0.46	9.0	0.57	17.2	− 0.12	16.8	− 0.08	14.2	0.19
Adductor magnus proximal	39.2	0.42	12.5	0.69	34.4	0.03	42.7	− 0.02	186.7	0.32
Iliacus	158.9	0.36	134.5	0.85	235.5	0.04	197.8	0.31	348.6	0.30
Psoas	273.6	0.40	249.4	0.83	530.9	− 0.11	429.4	− 0.05	285.9	0.37
Rectus femoris	136.8	0.68	58.3	0.94	350.8	0.42	181.0	0.70	156.2	0.47
Tensor fasciae latae²	115.1	0.66	20.7	0.99	126.8	0.31	142.9	0.13	83.3	0.82
Vastus medialis	115.4	0.60	31.5	0.92	290.1	− 0.05	68.6	0.81	119.9	0.71
Vastus intermedius	74.4	0.66	23.8	0.91	154.4	− 0.04	58.7	0.84	65.8	0.69
Lateral gastrocnemius²	162.6	0.86	67.7	0.94	153.9	0.51	144.9	0.73	95.8	0.89
Tibialis posterior	320.0	0.44	166.1	0.56	214.2	0.48	293.6	0.54	424.0	0.14
Peroneus brevis	50.2	0.48	31.9	0.77	82.0	− 0.24	47.4	0.35	74.7	0.31
Peroneus longus	109.9	0.49	63.4	0.80	126.5	0.21	81.9	0.50	170.9	0.29
Extensor digitorum longus¹	156.1	0.48	71.3	0.57	611.8	0.57	64.7	0.38	128.2	0.47
Flexor digitorum longus¹	31.2	0.91	51.1	0.81	73.1	− 0.45	62.3	0.94	63.3	0.39
Mean ± standard deviation	101.3 ± 90.1	0.53 ± 0.17	56.9 ± 65.4	0.79 ± 0.13	174.4 ± 174.4	0.07 ± 0.28	106.4 ± 110.9	0.38 ± 0.36	130.4 ± 116.8	0.39 ± 0.26

The RMSE and r values were calculated when the data across all calibration trials and subjects were concatenated
¹Indicates the EMG signals were assumed unmeasured only for S1 and ²indicates the EMG signals were assumed unmeasured only for S2

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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