Fig. 2

Mean and standard deviations between pre- (blue bar) and post-training assessments (red bar) of rotation angle in active range of motion (AROM) for hip abduction, hip flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction. The black dashed line indicated the AROM in the population of older healthy individuals [40, 41], and the green line showed the upper limit functional ROM for the performance of all activities of daily living (ADLs) [42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]. The asterisk indicated the significant difference with α = 0.05