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Table 3 Comparison of mean change from baseline in outcomes between double shockwave group and control shockwave group

From: The dose effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave on plantar flexor spasticity of ankle in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial

Mean (SD)

Double SW group

(n = 19)

Control SW group

(n = 20)

p-value†

Primary outcome: ΔMAS

  1 week-baseline

-0.25 (0.86)

-0.33 (0.59)

0.719

  4 weeks-baseline

-0.5 (0.82)

-0.33 (0.69)

0.693

  12 weeks-baseline

-0.14 (0.66)

-0.06 (0.57)

0.716

  24 weeks-baseline

-0.08 (0.64)

-0.14 (0.66)

0.804

Secondary outcomes

 Δ R2-R1 Angle of MTS

  1 week-baseline

1.88 (9.29)

3.33 (15.72)

0.999

  4 weeks-baseline

-0.50 (9.13)

0.56 (14.34)

0.834

  12 weeks-baseline

2.79 (8.83)

2.81 (14.72)

0.801

  24 weeks-baseline

1.69 (7.84)

1.79 (12.34)

0.940

 ΔPROM

  1 week-baseline

3.44 (8.11)

4.44 (12.94)

0.734

  4 weeks-baseline

6.25 (9.92)

3.06 (13.52)

0.536

  12 weeks-baseline

4.43 (7.49)

2.50 (15.28)

0.474

  24 weeks-baseline

8.23 (11.43)

1.43 (13.07)

0.444

 ΔTimed Up and Go Test

  1 week-baseline

-10.03 (14.53)

-1.44 (5.15)

0.009**

  4 weeks-baseline

-7.22 (14.53)

-1.24 (6.53)

0.002**

  12 weeks-baseline

-13.21 (11.75)

-5.14 (7.20)

0.015*

  24 weeks-baseline

-15.23 (10.84)

-3.72 (7.54)

0.005**

 ΔBarthel index

  1 week-baseline

8.44 (14.91)

3.33 (8.22)

0.436

  4 weeks-baseline

13.75 (21.33)

3.34 (8.23)

0.070

  12 weeks-baseline

8.93 (37.43)

4.06 (9.35)

0.196

  24 weeks-baseline

17.69 (22.97)

4.29 (13.28)

0.031*

 ΔStrain elastography

  1 week-baseline

-0.16 (0.37)

0.31 (0.58)

0.009**

  4 weeks-baseline

-0.09 (0.43)

-0.10 (0.56)

0.730

  12 weeks-baseline

0.06 (0.50)

-0.03 (0.67)

0.708

  24 weeks-baseline

-0.02 (0.57)

-0.01 (0.62)

0.662

  1. † Between-group comparison: Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis
  2. The data was presented as mean (SD)
  3. Abbreviation: SW, shockwave; MAS, Modified Ashworth Scale; MTS, Modified Tardieu Scale; PROM, passive range of motion; R1, angle of catch seen at quick speed; R2, Full range of motion at slow release of muscle; SD, standard deviation
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01