Fig. 1

Illustration of the A experimental set-up and B task paradigm. A Participants were instructed to sit on the chair and remain close to the backrest throughout the experiment. They were also asked to place their right hand on the right side of the button (but not press it), maintain their forearm horizontally with the upper arm perpendicular to it, and rest their left hand on their left thigh as the starting position. B The task was initiated with participants placing their right palm on the start button. After a random interval of 1 to 2 s, they were signaled to reach the target. During their ongoing reaching, there is a 67% probability that the target remained unchanged and a 33% chance that it shifted to a different target, as depicted in the monitor. The time limit for this movement was 5 s. Upon reaching the target, the participants automatically returned their hand to the starting position and then rested for a 20-s period before proceeding with the next trial