Table 1 Meta-analysis of the studies (FP – force plate; TM – treadmill)
From: Multibody dynamics-based musculoskeletal modeling for gait analysis: a systematic review
Subject Type | No of Studies (%) | Software used | No of Studies (%) | FP or TM | No of Studies (%) |
Both | 33 (28.45) | OpenSim | 96 (82.76) | FP | 73 (62.93) |
Healthy | 53 (45.69) | AMS | 17 (14.66) | TM | 25 (21.55) |
Impaired | 30 (25.86) | AMS & OpenSim | 2 (1.72) | Both | 1 (0.86) |
| Â | Â | Not specified | 1 (0.86) | Not specified | 17 (14.66) |
Subject Gender | No of Studies (%) | Model | No of Studies (%) | FP or TM Company | No of Studies (%) |
Both | 60 (51.72) | Gait2392 & Gait2354 | 49 (42.24) | AMTI | 35 (30.17) |
Female | 7 (6.03) | Delp Model & ATLM | 14 (12.07) | Bertec | 32 (27.59) |
Male | 25 (21.55) | TLEM, TLEM 2.0, & GaitFullBody | 14 (12.07) | Kistler | 21 (18.10) |
Not specified | 24 (20.69) | Rajagopal | 11 (9.48) | Other | 7 (6.03) |
| Â | Â | Other | 10 (8.62) | Not specified | 21 (18.10) |
| Â | Â | Not specified | 6 (5.17) | Â | Â |
Disorder | No of Studies (%) | Scaling Technique | No of Studies (%) | Motion Capture Type | No of Studies (%) |
Hip | 15 (12.93) | Type-II | 61 (52.69) | MoCap | 100 (86.21) |
Knee | 24 (20.69) | Type-I | 31 (26.72) | Depth Cameras | 2 (1.72) |
Foot | 7 (6.03) | Type-III | 10 (8.62) | IMUs | 1 (0.86) |
Other | 17 (14.66) | Type-II and Type-III | 3 (2.59) | MoCap and IMU | 3 (2.59) |
N/A | 53 (45.69) | Type-I and Type-III | 1 (0.86) | MoCap and Depth | 1 (0.86) |
| Â | Â | Not specified | 10 (8.62) | Not specified | 9 (7.76) |
Limb under study | No of Studies (%) | Marker set | No of Studies (%) | Motion Capture Company | No of Studies (%) |
Lower Body | 89 (76.72) | Plug-in-Gait and Modified Plug-in-Gait | 14 (12.07) | Vicon | 64 (55.17) |
Full Body | 19 (16.38) | Helen Hayes and Modified Helen Hayes | 12 (10.34) | Qualisys | 14 (12.07) |
Not specified | 8 (6.90) | CAST Model | 6 (5.17) | Motion Analysis Corporation | 10 (8.62) |
EMG Sensors used? | No of Studies (%) | Cleveland Clinic | 4 (3.45) | BTS Bioengineering | 7 (6.03) |
No | 87 (75.00) | Other | 23 (19.83) | Xsens | 4 (3.45 |
Yes | 29 (25.00) | Not specified | 57 (49.14) | Other | 4 (3.45) |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Microsoft | 3 (2.59) |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Not specified | 10 (8.62) |
EMG Sensor Company | No of Studies (%) | Camera Frequency (Hz) | No of Studies (%) | No of Cameras | No of Studies (%) |
Delsys | 11 (9.48) | 30–100 | 60 (51.72) | 1–5 | 3 (2.59) |
Noraxon | 5 (4.31) | 120–250 | 36 (31.03) | 6–10 | 70 (60.34) |
BTS Bioengineering | 4 (3.45) | Not specified | 20 (17.24) | 11–15 | 15 (12.93) |
Other | 5 (4.31) |  |  | 16–20 | 3 (2.59) |
Not specified | 4(3.45) | Â | Â | Not specified | 25 (21.55) |
No of EMG Sensors | No of Studies (%) | EMG Sensor Frequency (Hz) | No of Studies (%) | FP or TM Frequency (Hz) | No of Studies (%) |
1–5 | 4 (3.45) | 500–1500 | 15 (12.93) | 100–1000 | 14 (12.07) |
6–10 | 7 (6.03) | 1600–2500 | 8 (6.90) | 1100–2000 | 65 (56.03) |
11–16 | 3 (2.59) | Not specified | 6 (5.17) | 2100–4000 | 4 (3.45) |
Not specified | 14 (12.07) | Â | Â | Not specified | 33 (28.45) |
Other Equipment | No of Studies (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
MRI Scanner | 9 (7.71) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CT Scanner | 7 (6.03) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Other | 8 (6.90) | Â | Â | Â | Â |