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Table 1 Meta-analysis of the studies (FP – force plate; TM – treadmill)

From: Multibody dynamics-based musculoskeletal modeling for gait analysis: a systematic review

Subject Type

No of Studies (%)

Software used

No of Studies (%)

FP or TM

No of Studies (%)

Both

33 (28.45)

OpenSim

96 (82.76)

FP

73 (62.93)

Healthy

53 (45.69)

AMS

17 (14.66)

TM

25 (21.55)

Impaired

30 (25.86)

AMS & OpenSim

2 (1.72)

Both

1 (0.86)

  

Not specified

1 (0.86)

Not specified

17 (14.66)

Subject Gender

No of Studies (%)

Model

No of Studies (%)

FP or TM Company

No of Studies (%)

Both

60 (51.72)

Gait2392 & Gait2354

49 (42.24)

AMTI

35 (30.17)

Female

7 (6.03)

Delp Model & ATLM

14 (12.07)

Bertec

32 (27.59)

Male

25 (21.55)

TLEM, TLEM 2.0, & GaitFullBody

14 (12.07)

Kistler

21 (18.10)

Not specified

24 (20.69)

Rajagopal

11 (9.48)

Other

7 (6.03)

  

Other

10 (8.62)

Not specified

21 (18.10)

  

Not specified

6 (5.17)

  

Disorder

No of Studies (%)

Scaling Technique

No of Studies (%)

Motion Capture Type

No of Studies (%)

Hip

15 (12.93)

Type-II

61 (52.69)

MoCap

100 (86.21)

Knee

24 (20.69)

Type-I

31 (26.72)

Depth Cameras

2 (1.72)

Foot

7 (6.03)

Type-III

10 (8.62)

IMUs

1 (0.86)

Other

17 (14.66)

Type-II and Type-III

3 (2.59)

MoCap and IMU

3 (2.59)

N/A

53 (45.69)

Type-I and Type-III

1 (0.86)

MoCap and Depth

1 (0.86)

  

Not specified

10 (8.62)

Not specified

9 (7.76)

Limb under study

No of Studies (%)

Marker set

No of Studies (%)

Motion Capture Company

No of Studies (%)

Lower Body

89 (76.72)

Plug-in-Gait and Modified Plug-in-Gait

14 (12.07)

Vicon

64 (55.17)

Full Body

19 (16.38)

Helen Hayes and Modified Helen Hayes

12 (10.34)

Qualisys

14 (12.07)

Not specified

8 (6.90)

CAST Model

6 (5.17)

Motion Analysis Corporation

10 (8.62)

EMG Sensors used?

No of Studies (%)

Cleveland Clinic

4 (3.45)

BTS Bioengineering

7 (6.03)

No

87 (75.00)

Other

23 (19.83)

Xsens

4 (3.45

Yes

29 (25.00)

Not specified

57 (49.14)

Other

4 (3.45)

    

Microsoft

3 (2.59)

    

Not specified

10 (8.62)

EMG Sensor Company

No of Studies (%)

Camera Frequency (Hz)

No of Studies (%)

No of Cameras

No of Studies (%)

Delsys

11 (9.48)

30–100

60 (51.72)

1–5

3 (2.59)

Noraxon

5 (4.31)

120–250

36 (31.03)

6–10

70 (60.34)

BTS Bioengineering

4 (3.45)

Not specified

20 (17.24)

11–15

15 (12.93)

Other

5 (4.31)

  

16–20

3 (2.59)

Not specified

4(3.45)

  

Not specified

25 (21.55)

No of EMG Sensors

No of Studies (%)

EMG Sensor Frequency (Hz)

No of Studies (%)

FP or TM Frequency (Hz)

No of Studies (%)

1–5

4 (3.45)

500–1500

15 (12.93)

100–1000

14 (12.07)

6–10

7 (6.03)

1600–2500

8 (6.90)

1100–2000

65 (56.03)

11–16

3 (2.59)

Not specified

6 (5.17)

2100–4000

4 (3.45)

Not specified

14 (12.07)

  

Not specified

33 (28.45)

Other Equipment

No of Studies (%)

    

MRI Scanner

9 (7.71)

    

CT Scanner

7 (6.03)

    

Other

8 (6.90)

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