Table 2 Comparison of the two conditions in CoP path, loading force, and percentage of loading time
Gait parameters | Fixed∗, n = 31 | Free∗, n = 31 | Mean difference | 95% CI | Effect size† | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CoP path | ||||||
AP_CoP (mm) | 34 [16, 52] | 41 [18, 89] | 10.8 | 2.6, 19.1 | 0.79 | 0.011 |
ML_CoP (mm) | 8 [6, 13] | 10 [7, 21] | 1.9 | − 0.81, 4.7 | 0.42 | 0.159 |
Loading force | ||||||
Maximum loading (N) | 215 [140, 288] | 206 [148, 277] | − 24 | − 56.9, 8.9 | − 0.43 | 0.149 |
Average loading (N) | 144 [104, 183] | 141 [101, 194] | − 12.4 | − 34.4, 9.5 | − 0.34 | 0.26 |
Percentage of loading time | ||||||
Heel (%) | 81 [46, 97] | 71 [42, 98] | 0.71 | − 4.0, 5.5 | 0.08 | 0.764 |
Hind foot (%) | 9 [0, 33] | 16 [0, 32] | 0.02 | − 5.8, 5.9 | 0.002 | 0.993 |
Medial forefoot (%) | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 7] | 2.6 | − 1.3, 6.5 | 0.37 | 0.196 |
Lateral forefoot (%) | 0 [0, 0] | 0 [0, 0] | − 1.1 | − 4.7, 2.5 | − 0.18 | 0.537 |
Muscle activity | ||||||
First GCL (%GCEMG) | 152 [131, 172] | 161 [130, 187] | 5 | − 4.9, 14.9 | 0.26 | 0.316 |
Second GCL (%GCEMG) | 81 [72, 94] | 83 [70, 96] | 6.4 | 0.1, 12.6 | 0.54 | 0.043 |
First SOL (%GCEMG) | 165 [149, 177] | 165 [154, 182] | 4.9 | − 4.8, 14.6 | 0.68 | 0.316 |
Second SOL (%GCEMG) | 88 [79, 112] | 87 [74, 142] | 6.8 | − 0.7, 14.5 | 0.47 | 0.077 |