Fig. 1

Knee-ankle–foot orthosis and plantar pressure measurement system. A Knee-ankle–foot-orthosis (KAFO) used in this study. B Overview of the KAFO used in this study. The orthosis is customized to fit the individual’s lower extremity anatomy, which is designed to provide optimal support and freedom of movement. C Setup method for the plantar pressure measurement system. D Segmentation of specific foot areas (e.g., heel, midfoot, medial forefoot, lateral forefoot) for analysis of plantar pressure data