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Table 3 Estimates of the average treatment effects (ATE) according to analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) mixed-effects models at post-intervention (T1) and at follow-up (T2)

From: Clinical and neurophysiological effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG-guided neurofeedback in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, four-arm controlled trial

Variable

 

Group A

Group B

Group C

 

ATE

95% CI

P-Value

d

95% CI

ATE

95% CI

P-Value

d

95% CI

ATE

95% CI

P-Value

d

95% CI

UPDRS-III

(points)

T1

-1.78

-4.75–1.20

0.237

-0.06

-0.96–0.84

-0.63

-3.53–2.27

0.664

-0.03

-0.91–0.85

-3.53

-6.49 – -0.57

0.020

-0.59

-1.5–0.34

T2

-3.08

-6.05 – -0.10

0.043

-0.26

-1.16–0.65

-1.36

-4.26–1.54

0.352

-0.16

-1.04–0.72

-4.03

-6.99 – -1.07

0.008

-0.77

-1.7–0.18

TUG

(seconds)

T1

0.93

-0.47–2.34

0.191

0.25

-0.66–1.15

-0.23

-1.61–1.15

0.741

-0.45

-1.33–0.45

0.23

-1.22–1.69

0.750

-0.49

-1.4–0.43

T2

-0.32

-1.73–1.09

0.650

-0.35

-1.25–0.56

-0.51

-1.89–0.87

0.463

-0.51

-1.4–0.39

-0.11

-1.57–1.35

0.880

-0.56

-1.48–0.36

LOS

(%)

T1

-1.33

-11.96–9.29

0.803

-0.39

-0.53–1.29

-1.08

-11.28–9.12

0.834

-0.07

-0.97–0.83

-5.48

-15.90–4.94

0.298

-0.31

-1.21–0.6

T2

1.96

-8.70–12.62

0.715

0.63

-0.3–1.55

3.44

-6.76–13.64

0.504

0.32

-0.59–1.22

2.49

-7.93–12.91

0.636

0.20

-0.7–1.1

Left FT

(ms)

T1

-4.46

-30.26–21.34

0.731

-0.39

-0.55–1.33

10.47

-15.02–35.96

0.415

0.61

-0.34–1.53

-11.18

-36.95–14.59

0.390

0.14

-0.8–1.07

T2

-1.55

-27.34–24.24

0.905

-0.25

-0.69–1.18

21.09

-4.38–46.56

0.103

0.66

-0.28–1.59

-3.41

-29.18–22.35

0.792

0.15

-0.78–1.08

Right FT

(ms)

T1

0.45

-23.61–24.50

0.971

0.73

-0.24–1.68

15.45

-8.34–39.25

0.199

0.73

-0.22–1.67

-30.22

-54.59 – -5.84

0.016

0.29

-0.65–1.22

T2

10.09

-13.95–34.12

0.405

0.80

-0.18–1.76

20.49

-3.27–44.26

0.090

0.89

-0.08–1.83

-14.62

-38.97–9.73

0.235

0.62

-0.34–1.56

Left CSP

(ms)

T1

22.0

-06.6–50.6

0.129

0.38

-0.56–1.32

-0.13

-2.92–2.67

0.928

-0.09

-0.97–0.79

3.79

0.93–6.64

0.010

1.27

0.22–2.28

T2

14.3

-14.3–42.8

0.322

0.28

-0.66–1.21

-0.91

-3.70–1.88

0.519

-0.31

-1.22–0.61

1.41

-1.44–4.27

0.327

0.35

-0.59–1.29

Right CSP

(ms)

T1

14.7

-17.9–47.4

0.371

0.54

-0.41–1.48

-0.30

-3.60–3.01

0.858

-0.45

-1.37–0.46

2.86

-0.40–6.12

0.085

0.90

-0.09–1.87

T2

11.7

-21.0–44.3

0.479

0.35

-0.6–1.28

0.05

-3.25–3.35

0.975

-0.46

-1.38–0.47

0.72

-2.54–3.99

0.660

0.19

-0.74–1.12

  1. *p < 0.05
  2. Abbreviations CI: Confidence Interval; CSP = Cortical Silent Period; d = Cohen’s d; FT = Finger Tapping; HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; LOS = Limits of Stability; PDQ-39 = Parkinson´s Disease Questionnaire; TUG = Timed Up and Go Test; UPDRS-III = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Part III, motor examination
  3. Note All ATE are shown in comparison to the control group (Group D) and in the same units as the corresponding variable