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Table 3 Group means and standard deviations of primary outcome variables for each condition

From: Customized passive-dynamic ankle–foot orthoses can improve walking economy and speed for many individuals post-stroke

 

No AFO

SOC AFO

PD-AFO

p value

Effect sizea

COT (J/kg/m)

2.64 ± 0.63

2.51 ± 0.69

2.28 ± 0.42

0.0062▲■

0.11

SSWS (m/s)

0.62 ± 0.27

0.64 ± 0.29

0.73 ± 0.34

0.0003♦▲■

0.03

Peak DF angle (deg)

16.97 ± 5.95

16.14 ± 4.81

17.37 ± 5.55

0.317

0.0013

Peak PF moment (N*m)

0.93 ± 0.22

0.90 ± 0.25

0.92 ± 0.25

0.662

0.0242

Peak ankle power (J/kg)

0.79 ± 0.48

0.58 ± 0.41

0.60 ± 0.49

0.0117♦▲

0.02

Peak hip power (J/kg)

0.38 ± 0.14

0.34 ± 0.15

0.40 ± 0.20

0.275

0.0041

OPUS Score

28.25 ± 4.35

30.37 ± 3.15

0.0443

0.55

QUEST 2.0 Score

32.95 ± 7.27

36.89 ± 3.21

0.0244

73.68

  1. aType of effect size varies based on statistical test run (see methods)
  2. Denotes a significant difference between No AFO and SOC AFO condition
  3. Denotes a significant difference between No AFO and PD-AFO condition
  4. Denotes a significant difference between SOC AFO and PD-AFO condition