Fig. 1

Motivation. (A). Limitation of assessing stride-mean metabolic cost using breath-by-breath measurements. The upper figure illustrates an intervention resulting in a cost reduction (depicted in green) during push-off and a cost increase (depicted in brown) during swing. The stride-mean metabolic cost (displayed in bars) does not enable differentiation of these effects. The lower section of the figure illustrates how comprehending the costs associated with various phases could facilitate the enhancement of interventions. (B). Limited consistency between estimations of within-stride metabolic cost using model-based methods. The mean correlation between estimations is 0.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03–0.43) [16, 19, 38, 41, 42]