Effectiveness of sensor-based interventions in improving gait and balance performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Meta-analysis of the effects of SI versus control groups for TUG

Intervention group	No. of trials	I²	p(I²)	MD	95% CI	p
All group	34	67.851%	< 0.001	− 1.132	− 1.500, − 0.764	< 0.001
All group*	25	0.000%	0.609	− 0.448	− 0.641, − 0.255	< 0.001
OPTS	15	76.900%	< 0.001	− 1.486	− 2.139, − 0.833	< 0.001
OPTS*	11	5.700%	0.389	− 0.681	− 0.964, − 0.399	< 0.001
PCPS	15	40.524%	0.035	− 0.682	− 1.052, − 0.312	< 0.001
PCPS*	11	0.000%	0.894	− 0.226	− 0.499, 0.048	0.106
WS	5	41.281%	0.146	− 1.255	− 2.757, 0.246	0.101
WS*	3	0.000%	0.535	− 0.490	− 1.474, 0.493	0.328

*The control groups with TPEI only; TPEI: traditional physical exercise intervention; OPTS: optical sensor; PCPS: perception sensor; WS: wearable sensor; MD: mean difference

ISSN: 1743-0003